Posted: February 21st, 2022

CAUSES OF OVERCROWDING IN PRISONS

There are many causes of prison overcrowding. Some of these factors include: Recidivism, overreliance on imprisonment as a means of punishing offenders, incarceration of offenders who fail to pay their fines, a high number of remand prisoners admitted to institutions, lack of suitable prison facilities, mental illness,  lack of employment opportunities, racial disparity, exposure to those involved in criminal activities, drug abuse, and poverty.

Overreliance on imprisonment to punish offenders is the primary reason contributing to overcrowding in prisons. Various nations rely heavily on jailing offenders instead of using different methods, thus contributing to prison overcrowding. Offenses such as failing to pay child support, breaking homelessness law such as sleeping on the streets should be dealt with in a different form rather than imprisonment. Those who commit serious offenses such as killing, raping, corruption, and human trafficking should be convicted and imprisoned. The reason why prisons are overcrowded is that all offenses committed are solved through imprisonment.

A high number of remand prisoners has also contributed to prison overcrowding. Offenders in remand are held for longer periods waiting for trials. This has led to overcrowding as offenders are held each day without being taken to court. Some prisoners are held in remand prisons for one year only to be found not guilty. Such action is time-wasting and contributes adversely to overcrowding, undermining the prison systems from meeting basic human needs such as food, healthcare, and accommodation.

Recidivism on offenders has increased the number of offenders in prisons, leading to overcrowding. This is because offenders released from jail without a proper plan to take care of themselves end up committing a crime and being sent back to prison. Due to social demands and not being accepted by their kin, offenders tend to repeat the same crime to be sent to prisons where they feel it is more secure for them.

The lack of suitable prison facilities has greatly contributed to overcrowding. A prison with fewer rooms to host offenders suffers from overcrowding which later contributes to the outbreak of diseases among prisoners. Prisons should consider their facilities before imprisoning people; if at all they lack enough facilities, offenders should be transferred to different prisons so as to reduce the problem of overcrowding.

Mental illness plays a significant role in increasing the overcrowding rate. This is because people who are mentally challenged tend to commit crimes regularly. Some commit murders without knowing; some steal properties and destroy public properties. Instead of being taken to mental hospitals for treatment and rehabilitation, these groups of people are imprisoned, hence increasing the rate of offenders in prisons.

Lack of employment opportunity. Many youths, especially in Africa, face unemployment problems. This has contributed to many of them being involved in criminal activities to earn a living. A large number of the youths who abuse drugs participate in a robbery with violence, sell drugs and participate in the production of fake money to meet their basic needs. Such crimes have led many people into life imprisonment hence contributing to overcrowding in prisons.

Poverty. Poverty is one of the reasons for the imprisonment of people. Due to a lack of individual basic needs, many tend to participate in criminal activities to meet their needs. This results in incarceration, thus leading to overcrowding in prisons.

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